When you send or receive information from a site where Opera's icon displays "Secure", Opera and the Web site use a secret one-time key before sending the information. When you entered the secure page, Opera and the Web site used public keys to agree on that secret key. That is called a handshake. The key encrypts all the information sent and is used for this session only.
The level of encryption depends on the available key space, which means the number of possibilities when generating keys. The more possible keys, the higher the security. For session keys, the most powerful form of encryption available in browsers today is 256-bit encryption. Although Opera supports as much as 3072-bit encryption when generating key pairs (a public key and a private key), some secure sites may not support this level of encryption. Opera's default setting of 1024-bit encryption should work with most secure sites.
The number on the padlock icon signals the level of encryption. Three dots means that the Web site has a high level of security. When rating the security level of a secure document, Opera takes into consideration the following:
Everything loaded with the page, including images, frames, and redirects
Insecure images will automatically result in a level one rating
Other insecure content (such as scripting) will result in level zero
The size of the symmetric key
The server's public key size
Only documents using the most secure methods, 3-DES or 128-bit C4 and public keys larger than approximately 900 bits, get a level three rating.
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